Glossary

ATop

Action mode: Extra-strong video stabilization.

For filming while you crawl or climb. It crops a little and needs good light; the camera lowers the size or frame rate if it has to. 6.2 Video and LiDAR Video

Action tab: Where you record.

The project tab with the live map, New Cave Line, New Hike Line and the Drop Station button. With no workout running it lists everything in the project. 1.3 Projects

Annotation: A cave map symbol on a station.

A water, formation, hazard or other feature symbol from the NSS or KSS set, dropped from the Drop Station menu. It prints on the map and in the PDF Report. 3.3 Stations

Apple Health: Where workouts and heart rate are saved.

Caving, hiking and training workouts are written to Apple Health with your permission. SpeleoMap never sends Health data off your phone. 7.1 Caving Workouts

BTop

Backup (.speleobackup): Everything on this iPhone, in one file.

Every project and your settings, made in Settings, Data, Backup and restored with Import. Keep it in iCloud Drive, on your Mac or on a drive. 9.5 Data

Badges: Milestones from your trips.

Earned from caving, hiking and training, from Soda Straw to Cave Pearl. See yours in Settings, Profile, Badges. 7.3 Badges

Bearing (azimuth): The compass direction of a shot, 0 to 360°.

SpeleoMap gives true bearings (from true north) once north is locked; without north it says line frame or NO NORTH. 1.4 Calibration

Bookmark: A marked moment in a LiDAR video.

Tap the bookmark button while recording LiDAR video; when you measure the clip later, a button jumps to the next one. 6.2.2 LiDAR Video and Bookmarks

Bpm (beats per minute): Heart rate.

Heart beats per minute, read from Apple Health while a workout runs. 7.1.2 Heart Rate, Depth and Elevation

Bundle (.speleobundle): A whole project in one file.

Every Cave Line, scan, station, photo and note, with LiDAR depth kept. Send one to a teammate to merge, or keep it as your backup. 8.1 Team Merge

CTop

Calibration: Tying your survey to the real world.

The entrance GPS fix, the true-north lock and the heading lock at the start of a workout. Without it the survey still works, but only in its own frame. 1.4 Calibration

Calories (kcal): Energy a workout burns.

Active calories, in kilocalories: the “calories” on food labels. SpeleoMap estimates them on caving trips when your weight is set; otherwise they are Apple Health's. 7.1 Caving Workouts

Cave Line: Your survey line underground.

The centerline you record by walking the passage. Stations, scans and photos all hang on it. Lines are lettered A, B, C. 3.2 Cave Line

Cave Line viewer: A line's page and full-screen viewer.

Plan, Profile and 3D views with Measure, Survey tools, Scans, Layers and View. 3.7 The Cave Line Viewer

Centerline: The line a survey follows through the passage.

Walk the middle of the passage so your Cave Line is the same line a tape team would run. 3.2 Cave Line

Closure (misclosure): How far a loop misses itself.

Tap the same spot surveyed twice and Closure gives the gap and its percentage of the path between. Small is good. 3.7.2 Measure and Survey

DTop

Datum: A known point you can snap to.

A fixed point, such as the entrance, used to reset drift. Snapping to it puts your position back on the truth. 1.4 Calibration

Declination: The angle between magnetic and true north.

SpeleoMap works it out for you, so bearings come out true north. 1.4 Calibration

Degrees (°): Angles and temperature.

Bearings run 0 to 360° clockwise from north. Inclination runs from −90° (straight down) to +90° (straight up). Temperatures show in °C or °F, following your Units setting. 3.4 Splays and LRUD

Depth (LiDAR depth): Distance to every pixel, from the LiDAR.

Saved inside LiDAR photos and LiDAR video so you can measure them later. Reaches about 5 m. 6.5 Measure on LiDAR Photos and Video

Details tab: The project's information and lists.

Entrance, notes, import, import history and exports for the project. 1.3 Projects

Diagnostics: A record of what the app did, for support.

One session per app launch. The last 5 are attached to a support email from Settings, Support, with coordinates, altitude, magnetic readings, serials and project names removed first. 9.4 Support

Drift: Error that builds up as you walk.

Tracking, dead reckoning and Stow Mode slowly wander. Snap to a station or datum to reset it. 9.7 Calibration

Drop Station menu: Everything you can add underground.

Four icons while a Cave Line records: Media, Scan, Measure and Log, each with its own row of tools. 3.3 Stations

ETop

Emissivity: How well a surface gives off heat.

Sets how true a thermal reading is. Most cave rock is about 0.95. 10.3.3 Temperatures

End station: The station that drops when a capture ends.

Scans, LiDAR video and thermal clips started from a station drop another station where you finish. 5.1 Take a Scan

Entrance GPS (fix): The cave entrance's position on Earth.

Locked at the entrance before you go in, averaged so it tightens the longer you wait. GPS doesn't work underground. 1.4 Calibration

Environment sensor: A RuuviTag that reads the air.

Temperature, humidity and air pressure, saved on every station and pin you drop. 10.2 Environment Sensor

Export formats: The file types you can send.

Survex and Therion for survey software, GPX, KML and GeoJSON for maps, CSV, PDF Report, 3D models and project bundles. 8.2 Export

External GPS: A Bluetooth GPS receiver.

Pair it in iOS Settings, then turn on GPS Receiver in Settings, Devices. Fixes from it show EXTERNAL GPS, and a locked entrance records it. 10.4 External GPS

FTop

FLIR: The thermal camera brand SpeleoMap supports.

FLIR ONE Edge and FLIR ONE Edge Pro: live heat picture, thermal photos and video, ThermDAR. 10.3 Thermal Camera

Frames per second (fps): How smooth video is.

30 fps is normal; 60 fps is smoother and uses more storage. LiDAR video also counts its measurable depth frames per second: 10, 15 or 30. 6.2 Video and LiDAR Video

GTop

GeoJSON, GPX and KML: Map files for GIS and mapping apps.

Your lines, stations and pins on a real map, with each point's details. 8.2 Export

Go: Head for a point.

Pick a station, the entrance, a datum or a pin and SpeleoMap guides you there along the survey or the trail. 3.5 Navigator and Go

HTop

Haptics: Vibration alerts.

Haptic feedback turns all vibration on or off; the Stow drift alert still buzzes when it is off. 9.6 Alerts

Heading lock: Your starting bearing.

After north locks, point the phone down your first line and tap Lock heading. It's the purple H on the map. 1.4 Calibration

Hectopascal (hPa): Air pressure.

The unit for air pressure, the same as a millibar. Sea level is about 1013 hPa, and it drops about 12 hPa for every 100 m you climb, so a high cave reads lower. Read by an environment sensor. 10.2 Environment Sensor

Hike Line: Your GPS trail on the surface.

Records the walk to the cave, with no cell service needed. Uses pins, not stations. 2.1 Hike Line

Hike pin: A GPS point on the surface.

Marks a spot on the trail or a cave entrance, with coordinates you can type or import. Hike Lines use pins; Cave Lines use stations. 2.2 Hike Pins

ITop

Inclination: The angle of a shot up or down from level.

Given with every shot and splay, from gravity, so it's true even if the phone is tilted. 3.4 Splays and LRUD

Inherit calibration: Getting north back after a crash.

Start a new line from a station of the earlier trip and SpeleoMap matches its photo to restore the calibration. 3.2.2 The Cave Screen

LTop

Laser meter: A Bluetooth distance meter.

Takes over the distance for Range and Splay, much farther than the LiDAR's 5 m, on any iPhone. 10.1 Laser Meters and Instruments

Layers: What shows on a map or viewer.

Stations, labels, leg and splay lengths, splays and tape lines. View holds the grid, compass and XYZ. 3.7.3 Scans and Layers

Leg: The stretch of line between two stations.

Leg lengths can be shown in the Cave Line viewer's Layers. 3.7.2 Measure and Survey

LiDAR: The depth sensor on Pro iPhones.

Measures distance with light. It powers scans, LiDAR photos and video, the range ring and splays. 1.1 Setup and Onboarding

LiDAR photo: A photo with its depth inside.

Measure it later: distances, heights, angles and areas. 6.5 Measure on LiDAR Photos and Video

LiDAR video: A video you can measure.

Saves a depth frame 10, 15 or 30 times a second, each with the camera's position. 6.2.2 LiDAR Video and Bookmarks

Long exposure: A slower shutter for the dark.

Holds the shutter open up to about 1 second for a cleaner shot underground. Rest the phone and use the timer; the photo is marked Long Exp. 6.1.2 Photo Settings

LRUD: Left, Right, Up, Down.

The passage size at a station: the distance to each wall, the ceiling and the floor. 3.4 Splays and LRUD

MTop

Macro: Close-up photos.

Switches to the ultra-wide lens and focuses a few centimeters away. Photo only, rear camera; hidden on iPhones that can't focus that close. 6.1.2 Photo Settings

Measure note: A measurement you saved.

Save keeps the exact readout as a note on its station, pin or project, listed under Details, Notes. 6.6 Save Measurements and Notes

Megapixel (MP): Photo size.

A million pixels, the dots a photo is made of. 12 MP is 4032 x 3024; 24 and 48 MP hold more detail and use more storage. Every LiDAR photo size keeps its depth map. 6.1.2 Photo Settings

Membership: Your SpeleoMap subscription.

Annual or Monthly through your Apple ID, after a 14-day free trial. Viewing, export and delete stay free without one. 9.2 Membership

Mesh: The 3D surface of a scan.

Built from the LiDAR when a scan processes. It's what you view, measure, export and print. 5.2 View and Measure

Meters and feet (m, ft): Distance, by your Units setting.

Metric shows meters (m), centimeters (cm), millimeters (mm) and kilometers (km); imperial shows feet (ft), inches (in) and miles. Speed is per second or per hour. Every screen and export follows the setting in Display. 9.1.3 Display

Mount: Where you wear the phone in Stow Mode.

The chest or another spot you set up. Each mount has its own calibrated movement styles. 4.1 How It Works

NTop

Navigator: Finding your way without recording.

With the entrance GPS locked and no line recording, the cave screen shows your live position on every line. 3.5 Navigator and Go

North lock: Locking true north at the entrance.

Hold the phone steady and SpeleoMap finds true north, so bearings and the north-up map are right. 1.4 Calibration

PTop

Palette: The colors of a thermal picture.

Tap the palette at the top of the thermal camera for the next one, or press and hold for the list. 10.3.2 Shooting Thermal

Percent (%): A share of the whole.

Battery left, relative humidity and grid opacity are percents. So is drift tolerance: drift as a share of the distance walked, so 2% over 100 m is 2 m. 9.7 Calibration

Pin: See Hike pin.

On the surface, a Hike Line uses pins. Underground, you drop stations. 2.2 Hike Pins

Plan, Profile and 3D: The three ways to view a line.

Plan is the map from above, Profile is the line from the side (against time or distance), 3D lets you orbit. 3.7 The Cave Line Viewer

Project: One cave or one trip.

Everything you collect goes inside: workouts, Cave Lines, Hike Lines, scans, stations, photos and notes. 1.3 Projects

QTop

Quarantine: Where damaged project folders go.

A folder SpeleoMap couldn't read, usually after a crash mid-save, is moved to On My iPhone, SpeleoMap, Quarantine untouched. Send it to support or delete it. 11.5 After the Trip

RTop

Radiometric: Every pixel carries its temperature.

FLIR's thermal photos and temperature frames, so you can read the temperature of any spot later. 10.3.3 Temperatures

Range ring: The live distance ring in the camera.

White within about 5 m, red past it or where the LiDAR has no reading. 6.1.3 LiDAR, Range and Thermal

Rangefinder: The camera as a distance meter.

Aim the ring and take readings of distance and angle; Save writes them to a note. 6.4 Rangefinder and Laser Meter

Relative humidity (RH): How damp the air is.

The water in the air, as a percent of the most it could hold at that temperature. Caves often sit near 100% RH. Read by an environment sensor. 10.2 Environment Sensor

Rescue: When a caver is hurt.

Patient here, Tight spot, Way out and the 911 card with everything rescuers need, ready to read out. 3.6 Rescue

Reset: Start over with a clean app.

Settings, Data, Reset erases every project and setting on this iPhone. Make a Backup first; your membership and Apple Health workouts stay. 9.5 Data

STop

Scan: A 3D capture of a passage.

Sweep the passage with the LiDAR and SpeleoMap builds a mesh you can view, measure, export and print. 5.1 Take a Scan

Slicer: The app that prepares a 3D print.

PrusaSlicer, Bambu Studio, Orca or Cura turn SpeleoMap's 3D Print export into printer instructions. 5.4 3D Print

Snap: Putting your position back on a known point.

Stand on a station, the entrance or a datum and tap Snap to correct drift. 3.2.2 The Cave Screen

Splay: A wall shot from a station.

A distance, bearing and inclination to the wall, floor or ceiling that gives the passage its shape. 3.4 Splays and LRUD

SRT: Single Rope Technique.

Climbing and descending a rope with ascenders. SpeleoMap tracks it in workouts and SRT training. 7.2 SRT, Running, Crawling

State A, B and C: How well a trip is calibrated.

A: no calibration. B: entrance GPS but no north. C: GPS and true north, the full survey. 1.4 Calibration

Station: A survey point underground.

A point you drop on a Cave Line, named A1, A2 and so on. Scans, photos, splays and notes go on stations. 3.3 Stations

STL, 3MF and OBJ: 3D model files for printing and 3D apps.

STL is the shape only; 3MF adds filament colors; OBJ keeps full color. 3D Print exports any of them, ready for a slicer such as PrusaSlicer, Bambu Studio, Orca or Cura. 5.4.2 Cut, Color and Export

Storage (MB and GB): File and phone sizes.

Megabytes and gigabytes; 1 GB is 1,000 MB. A photo is about 4 MB, a scan about 56 MB and a minute of LiDAR video about 92 MB. 9.1 Profile

Stow Mode: Surveying with the phone put away.

Wear the phone on a mount and SpeleoMap keeps the line from your movement, for crawls and climbs. 4.1 How It Works

Style (movement style): How you're moving in Stow Mode.

Walking, crawling, climbing and more. Calibrate each one so distances are yours. 4.2 Calibrate a Style

Survex and Therion: Cave survey software.

Export your survey to .svx or .th for drawing and processing, or import a survey to keep surveying from it. 8.2 Export

TTop

Tape Line: A traditional tape survey.

A straight tape between points, like a tape-and-compass survey, exported on its own as a Tape Survey. 3.3 Stations

Team Merge: Putting everyone's survey in one project.

Teammates send bundles and SpeleoMap merges them, lined up on shared stations. 8.1 Team Merge

Overlay: Lining the FLIR up with the iPhone camera.

A one-time step in Calibration settings so heat lands in the right place in ThermDAR photos, video and scans. Redo it if the clip moves. 9.7 Calibration

Thermal and Meter offsets: How much a clipped-on device pulls the compass.

Measured in Settings, Calibration (Thermal and Meter) after Compass, with the device on; SpeleoMap takes it out while that device is connected. 1.4 Calibration

ThermDAR: Thermal plus LiDAR: heat with a distance.

A ThermDAR photo or video gives every heat pixel a distance; a ThermDAR scan paints temperatures onto the 3D mesh. 10.3.2 Shooting Thermal

Tie In to Survey: Line up an imported survey with yours.

From the anchor menu, once the project has a calibrated line, it places an imported survey where you walked it. 8.3 Import

Tracking lost: The line has stopped seeing.

If tracking isn't normal for 3 seconds while a Cave Line records, the phone beeps and buzzes every 2 seconds until it is. Hold still, add light or step back. 3.2 Cave Line

True Color: Daylight-balanced flash photos.

Records colors as they'd look in the sun, for minerals and cave life. 6.1.2 Photo Settings

True north: North by the Earth's axis, not the magnet.

What SpeleoMap's bearings use once north is locked. 1.4 Calibration

VTop

Video resolution (720p, 1080p, 4K): Video size.

How many lines make up each frame: 720p, 1080p (Full HD) or 4K (about 2160 lines). Bigger shows more detail; 4K uses about 4 times the storage of 1080p. 6.2 Video and LiDAR Video

WTop

Waypoint: A point the line drops by itself.

Waypoints drop automatically as you walk and make up the line. You drop stations; waypoints just happen. 3.3 Stations

Workout: What runs while you record.

A Caving or Hiking workout must be running before you can record a Cave Line or Hike Line. It saves to Apple Health. 7.1 Caving Workouts

XTop

XYZ gizmo: The axis widget in 3D views.

Tap an arm to look along it, or Z to look straight down. 3.7 The Cave Line Viewer